Power, Authority And Power And The Views Of The State

Plato and JS Mill both gave political theories of the state that were very different. The essay will look to cover their theories as well as definitions, strengths and weaknesses on democracy, authority and power and the views of JS Mill and Plato, giving their thoughts, ideas and styles. The researcher will also apply these definitions of authority and democracy to both Mill’s and Plato’s theories of the state. Heywood tells us that authority is, in the broadest sense of the word, a form of power which can be thought of as ‘legitimate power’. He goes on to say how power, â€Å"is the ability to influence others† (Heywood, 2000). It is important to remember that authority and power are different things. Max Weber gives us different types of†¦show more content†¦We are told that in the modern day it is used in the form of referendums. Representative democracy is limited in popular participation. Heywood tells us it is indirect, the pubic don’t implement power themselves. It is restricted in the fact that the people only vote every few years or so. Advantages of democracy in Heywood’s eyes are the fact it promotes freedom, education and personal development of the masses through participation in politics. On top of this it gives a sense of community and it ensures the government looks out for the best interests of the masses. Democracy has come under criticism for its ability to result in dictatorships as well as resulting in state control and ‘excessive government’. Plato puts the blame of Athens defeat to Sparta on democracy. He believed democracy to be a dangerous thing as it resulted in power being put into the hands of people he described as, ‘ignorant and envious’. Plato believed that democracy would eventually lead to civil war breaking out. His theory was that things would only improve if rulers became philosophers or vice versa. Plato believed the average person not be in the right state of mind to make an informed or rational decision rational decisions, as well as believing humans as individuals were not self-sufficient so authority should not be left to those people. Plato’s Republic had a structure that would putShow MoreRelatedThe Concept of an International Community Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesthe scale at which it does today is fairly new (Bromley, 2009, p. 410). In this new world order, states must interact with each other on a far more integrated and cohesive level in order to maintain international orde r. In the following essay, we will evaluate the claim that â€Å"there is no legitimate authority internationally† (Bromley, 2009, p. 427). In the process, we will examine two competing views of international order - the realist and the liberal theories. 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The Amber Spyglass Chapter 28 Midnight Free Essays

string(52) " his field glasses to his eyes and saw what it was\." Lord Asriel said, â€Å"Marisa, wake up. We’re about to land.† A blustery dawn was breaking over the basalt fortress as the intention craft flew in from the south. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amber Spyglass Chapter 28 Midnight or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mrs. Coulter, sore and heartsick, opened her eyes; she had not been asleep. She could see the angel Xaphania gliding above the landing ground, and then rising and wheeling up to the tower as the craft made for the ramparts. As soon as the craft had landed, Lord Asriel leapt out and ran to join King Ogunwe on the western watchtower, ignoring Mrs. Coulter entirely. The technicians who came at once to attend to the flying machine took no notice of her, either; no one questioned her about the loss of the aircraft she’d stolen; it was as if she’d become invisible. She made her way sadly up to the room in the adamant tower, where the orderly offered to bring her some food and coffee. â€Å"Whatever you have,† she said. â€Å"And thank you. Oh, by the way,† she went on as the man turned to go: â€Å"Lord Asriel’s alethiometrist, Mr†¦.† â€Å"Mr. Basilides?† â€Å"Yes. Is he free to come here for a moment?† â€Å"He’s working with his books at the moment, ma’am. I’ll ask him to step up here when he can.† She washed and changed into the one clean shirt she had left. The cold wind that shook the windows and the gray morning light made her shiver. She put some more coals on the iron stove, hoping it would stop her trembling, but the cold was in her bones, not just her flesh. Ten minutes later there was a knock on the door. The pale, dark-eyed alethiometrist, with his nightingale daemon on his shoulder, came in and bowed slightly. A moment later the orderly arrived with a tray of bread, cheese, and coffee, and Mrs. Coulter said: â€Å"Thank you for coming, Mr. Basilides. May I offer you some refreshment?† â€Å"I will take some coffee, thank you.† â€Å"Please tell me,† she said as soon as she’d poured the drink, â€Å"because I’m sure you’ve been following what’s happened: is my daughter alive?† He hesitated. The golden monkey clutched her arm. â€Å"She is alive,† said Basilides carefully, â€Å"but also†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes? Oh, please, what do you mean?† â€Å"She is in the world of the dead. For some time I could not interpret what the instrument was telling me: it seemed impossible. But there is no doubt. She and the boy have gone into the world of the dead, and they have opened a way for the ghosts to come out. As soon as the dead reach the open, they dissolve as their daemons did, and it seems that this is the most sweet and desirable end for them. And the alethiometer tells me that the girl did this because she overheard a prophecy that there would come an end to death, and she thought that this was a task for her to accomplish. As a result, there is now a way out of the world of the dead.† Mrs. Coulter couldn’t speak. She had to turn away and go to the window to conceal the emotion on her face. Finally she said: â€Å"And will she come out alive? – But no, I know you can’t predict. Is she – how is she – has she†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"She is suffering, she is in pain, she is afraid. But she has the companionship of the boy, and of the two Gallivespian spies, and they are still all together.† â€Å"And the bomb?† â€Å"The bomb did not hurt her.† Mrs. Coulter felt suddenly exhausted. She wanted nothing more than to lie down and sleep for months, for years. Outside, the flag rope snapped and clattered in the wind, and the rooks cawed as they wheeled around the ramparts. â€Å"Thank you, sir,† she said, turning back to the reader. â€Å"I’m very grateful. Please would you let me know if you discover anything more about her, or where she is, or what she’s doing?† The man bowed and left. Mrs. Coulter went to lie down on the camp bed, but try as she would, she couldn’t keep her eyes closed. â€Å"What do you make of that, King?† said Lord Asriel. He was looking through the watchtower telescope at something in the western sky. It had the appearance of a mountain hanging in the sky a hand’s breadth above the horizon, and covered in cloud. It was a very long way off – so far, in fact, that it was no bigger than a thumbnail held out at arm’s length. But it had not been there for long, and it hung there absolutely still. The telescope brought it closer, but there was no more detail: cloud still looks like cloud however much it’s magnified. â€Å"The Clouded Mountain,† said Ogunwe. â€Å"Or – what do they call it? The Chariot?† â€Å"With the Regent at the reins. He’s concealed himself well, this Metatron. They speak of him in the apocryphal scriptures: he was a man once, a man called Enoch, the son of Jared, six generations away from Adam. And now he rules the Kingdom. And he’s intending to do more than that, if that angel they found by the sulphur lake was correct – the one who entered the Clouded Mountain to spy. If he wins this battle, he intends to intervene directly in human life. Imagine that, Ogunwe – a permanent Inquisition, worse than anything the Consistorial Court of Discipline could dream up, staffed by spies and traitors in every world and directed personally by the intelligence that’s keeping that mountain aloft†¦ The old Authority at least had the grace to withdraw; the dirty work of burning heretics and hanging witches was left to his priests. This new one will be far, far worse.† â€Å"Well, he’s begun by invading the Republic,† said Ogunwe. â€Å"Look – is that smoke?† A drift of gray was leaving the Clouded Mountain, a slowly spreading smudge against the blue sky. But it couldn’t have been smoke: it was drifting against the wind that tore at the clouds. The king put his field glasses to his eyes and saw what it was. You read "The Amber Spyglass Chapter 28 Midnight" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Angels,† he said. Lord Asriel came away from the telescope and stood up, hand shading his eyes. In hundreds, and then thousands, and tens of thousands, until half that part of the sky was darkened, the minute figures flew and flew and kept on coming. Lord Asriel had seen the billion-strong flocks of blue starlings that wheeled at sunset around the palace of the Emperor K’ang-Po, but he had never seen so vast a multitude in all his life. The flying beings gathered themselves and then streamed away slowly, slowly, to the north and the south. â€Å"Ah! And what’s that?† said Lord Asriel, pointing. â€Å"That’s not the wind.† The cloud was swirling on the southern flank of the mountain, and long tattered banners of vapor streamed out in the powerful winds. But Lord Asriel was right: the movement was coming from within, not from the air outside. The cloud roiled and tumbled, and then it parted for a second. There was more than a mountain there, but they only saw it for a moment; and then the cloud swirled back, as if drawn across by an unseen hand, to conceal it again. King Ogunwe put down his field glasses. â€Å"That’s not a mountain,† he said. â€Å"I saw gun emplacements†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"So did I. A whole complexity of things. Can he see out through the cloud, I wonder? In some worlds, they have machines to do that. But as for his army, if those angels are all they’ve got – â€Å" The king gave a brief exclamation, half of astonishment, half of despair. Lord Asriel turned and gripped his arm with fingers that all but bruised him to the bone. â€Å"They haven’t got this!† he said, and shook Ogunwe’s arm violently. â€Å"They haven’t got flesh!† He laid his hand against his friend’s rough cheek. â€Å"Few as we are,† he went on, â€Å"and short-lived as we are, and weak-sighted as we are – in comparison with them, we’re still stronger. They envy us, Ogunwe! That’s what fuels their hatred, I’m sure of it. They long to have our precious bodies, so solid and powerful, so well-adapted to the good earth! And if we drive at them with force and determination, we can sweep aside those infinite numbers as you can sweep your hand through mist. They have no more power than that!† â€Å"Asriel, they have allies from a thousand worlds, living beings like us.† â€Å"We shall win.† â€Å"And suppose he’s sent those angels to look for your daughter?† â€Å"My daughter!† cried Lord Asriel, exulting. â€Å"Isn’t it something to bring a child like that into the world? You’d think it was enough to go alone to the king of the armored bears and trick his kingdom out of his paws – but to go down into the world of the dead and calmly let them all out! And that boy; I want to meet that boy; I want to shake his hand. Did we know what we were taking on when we started this rebellion? No. But did they know – the Authority and his Regent, this Metatron – did they know what they were taking on when my daughter got involved?† â€Å"Lord Asriel,† said the king, â€Å"do you understand her importance for the future?† â€Å"Frankly, no. That’s why I want to see Basilides. Where did he go?† â€Å"To the Lady Coulter. But the man is worn out; he can do no more until he’s rested.† â€Å"He should have rested before. Send for him, would you? Oh, one more thing: please ask Madame Oxentiel to come to the tower as soon as it’s convenient. I must give her my condolences.† Madame Oxentiel had been the Gallivespians’ second-in-command. Now she would have to take over Lord Roke’s responsibilities. King Ogunwe bowed and left his commander scanning the gray horizon. All through that day the army assembled. Angels of Lord Asriel’s force flew high over the Clouded Mountain, looking for an opening, but without success. Nothing changed; no more angels flew out or inward; the high winds tore at the clouds, and the clouds endlessly renewed themselves, not parting even for a second. The sun crossed the cold blue sky and then moved down to the southwest, gilding the clouds and tinting the vapor around the mountain every shade of cream and scarlet, of apricot and orange. When the sun sank, the clouds glowed faintly from within. Warriors were now in place from every world where Lord Asriel’s rebellion had supporters; mechanics and artificers were fueling aircraft, loading weapons, and calibrating sights and measures. As the darkness came, some welcome reinforcements arrived. Padding silently over the cold ground from the north, separately, singly, came a number of armored bears, a large number, and among them was their king. Not long afterward, there arrived the first of several witch clans, the sound of the air through their pine branches whispering in the dark sky for a long time. Along the plain to the south of the fortress glimmered thousands of lights, marking the camps of those who had arrived from far off. Farther away, in all four corners of the compass, flights of spy-angels cruised tirelessly, keeping watch. At midnight in the adamant tower, Lord Asriel sat in discussion with King Ogunwe, the angel Xaphania, Madame Oxentiel the Gallivespian, and Teukros Basilides. The alethiometrist had just finished speaking, and Lord Asriel stood up, crossed to the window, and looked out at the distant glow of the Clouded Mountain hanging in the western sky. The others were silent; they had just heard something that had made Lord Asriel turn pale and tremble, and none of them quite knew how to respond. Finally Lord Asriel spoke. â€Å"Mr. Basilides,† he said, â€Å"you must be very fatigued. I am grateful for all your efforts. Please take some wine with us.† â€Å"Thank you, my lord,† said the reader. His hands were shaking. King Ogunwe poured the golden Tokay and handed him the glass. â€Å"What will this mean, Lord Asriel?† said the clear voice of Madame Oxentiel. Lord Asriel came back to the table. â€Å"Well,† he said, â€Å"it will mean that when we join battle, we shall have a new objective. My daughter and this boy have become separated from their daemons, somehow, and managed to survive; and their daemons are somewhere in this world – correct me if I’m summarizing wrongly, Mr. Basilides – their daemons are in this world, and Metatron is intent on capturing them. If he captures their daemons, the children will have to follow; and if he can control those two children, the future is his, forever. Our task is clear: we have to find the daemons before he does, and keep them safe till the girl and the boy rejoin them.† The Gallivespian leader said, â€Å"What form do they have, these two lost daemons?† â€Å"They are not yet fixed, madame,† said Teukros Basilides. â€Å"They might be any shape.† â€Å"So,† said Lord Asriel, â€Å"to sum it up: all of us, our Republic, the future of every conscious being – we all depend on my daughter’s remaining alive, and on keeping her daemon and the boy’s out of the hands of Metatron?† â€Å"That is so.† Lord Asriel sighed, almost with satisfaction; it was as if he’d come to the end of a long and complex calculation, and reached an answer that made quite unexpected sense. â€Å"Very well,† he said, spreading his hands wide on the table. â€Å"Then this is what we shall do when the battle begins. King Ogunwe, you will assume command of all the armies defending the fortress. Madame Oxentiel, you are to send your people out at once to search in every direction for the girl and the boy, and the two daemons. When you find them, guard them with your lives until they come together again. At that point, I understand, the boy will be able to help them escape to another world, and safety.† The lady nodded. Her stiff gray hair caught the lamplight, glinting like stainless steel, and the blue hawk she had inherited from Lord Roke spread his wings briefly on the bracket by the door. â€Å"Now, Xaphania,† said Lord Asriel. â€Å"What do you know of this Metatron? He was once a man: does he still have the physical strength of a human being?† â€Å"He came to prominence long after I was exiled,† the angel said. â€Å"I have never seen him up close. But he would not have been able to dominate the Kingdom unless he was very strong indeed, strong in every way. Most angels would avoid fighting hand-to-hand. Metatron would relish the combat, and win.† Ogunwe could tell that Lord Asriel had been struck by an idea. His attention suddenly withdrew, his eyes lost focus for an instant, and then snapped back to the moment with an extra charge of intensity. â€Å"I see,† he said. â€Å"Finally, Xaphania, Mr. Basilides tells us that their bomb not only opened an abyss below the worlds, but also fractured the structure of things so profoundly that there are fissures and cracks everywhere. Somewhere nearby there must be a way down to the edge of that abyss. I want you to look for it.† â€Å"What are you going to do?† said King Ogunwe harshly. â€Å"I’m going to destroy Metatron. But my part is nearly over. It’s my daughter who has to live, and it’s our task to keep all the forces of the Kingdom away from her so that she has a chance to find her way to a safer world – she and that boy, and their daemons.† â€Å"And what about Mrs. Coulter?† said the king. Lord Asriel passed a hand over his forehead. â€Å"I would not have her troubled,† he said. â€Å"Leave her alone and protect her if you can. Although†¦ Well, maybe I’m doing her an injustice. Whatever else she’s done, she’s never failed to surprise me. But we all know what we must do, and why we must do it: we have to protect Lyra until she has found her daemon and escaped. Our Republic might have come into being for the sole purpose of helping her do that. Let us do it as well as we can.† Mrs. Coulter lay in Lord Asriel’s bed next door. Hearing voices in the other room, she stirred, for she wasn’t deeply asleep. She came out of her troubled slumber uneasy and heavy with longing. Her daemon sat up beside her, but she didn’t want to move closer to the door; it was simply the sound of Lord Asriel’s voice she wanted to hear rather than any particular words. She thought they were both doomed. She thought they were all doomed. Finally she heard the door closing in the other room and roused herself to stand up. â€Å"Asriel,† she said, going through into the warm naphtha light. His daemon growled softly; the golden monkey dropped his head low to propitiate her. Lord Asriel was rolling up a large map and did not turn. â€Å"Asriel, what will happen to us all?† she said, taking a chair. He pressed the heels of his hands into his eyes. His face was ravaged with fatigue. He sat down and rested an elbow on the table. Their daemons were very still – the monkey crouching on the chair back, the snow leopard sitting upright and alert at Lord Asriel’s side, watching Mrs. Coulter unblinkingly. â€Å"You didn’t hear?† he said. â€Å"I heard a little. I couldn’t sleep, but I wasn’t listening. Where is Lyra now, does anyone know?† â€Å"No.† He still hadn’t answered her first question, and he wasn’t going to, and she knew it. â€Å"We should have married,† she said, â€Å"and brought her up ourselves.† It was such an unexpected remark that he blinked. His daemon uttered the softest possible growl at the back of her throat, and settled down with her paws outstretched in the manner of the Sphinx. He said nothing. â€Å"I can’t bear the thought of oblivion, Asriel,† she continued. â€Å"Sooner anything than that. I used to think pain would be worse – to be tortured forever – I thought that must be worse†¦ But as long as you were conscious, it would be better, wouldn’t it? Better than feeling nothing, just going into the dark, everything going out forever and ever?† His part was simply to listen. His eyes were locked on hers, and he was paying profound attention; there was no need to respond. She said: â€Å"The other day, when you spoke about her so bitterly, and about me†¦ I thought you hated her. I could understand your hating me. I’ve never hated you, but I could understand†¦ I could see why you might hate me. But I couldn’t see why you hated Lyra.† He turned his head away slowly, and then looked back. â€Å"I remember you said something strange, on Svalbard, on the mountaintop, just before you left our world,† she went on. â€Å"You said: Come with me, and we’ll destroy Dust forever. You remember saying that? But you didn’t mean it. You meant the very opposite, didn’t you? I see now. Why didn’t you tell me what you were really doing? Why didn’t you tell me you were really trying to preserve Dust? You could have told me the truth.† â€Å"I wanted you to come and join me,† he said, his voice hoarse and quiet, â€Å"and I thought you would prefer a lie.† â€Å"Yes,† she whispered, â€Å"that’s what I thought.† She couldn’t sit still, but she didn’t really have the strength to stand up. For a moment she felt faint, her head swam, sounds receded, the room darkened, but almost at once her senses came back even more pitilessly than before, and nothing in the situation had changed. â€Å"Asriel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she murmured. The golden monkey put a tentative hand out to touch the paw of the snow leopard. The man watched without a word, and Stelmaria didn’t move; her eyes were fixed on Mrs. Coulter. â€Å"Oh, Asriel, what will happen to us?† Mrs. Coulter said again. â€Å"Is this the end of everything?† He said nothing. Moving like someone in a dream, she got to her feet, picked up the rucksack that lay in the corner of the room, and reached inside it for her pistol; and what she would have done next, no one knew, because at that moment there came the sound of footsteps running up the stairs. Both man and woman, and both daemons, turned to look at the orderly who came in and said breathlessly: â€Å"Excuse me, my lord – the two daemons – they’ve been seen, not far from the eastern gate – in the form of cats – the sentry tried to talk to them, bring them inside, but they wouldn’t come near. It was only a minute or so ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lord Asriel sat up, transfigured. All the fatigue had been wiped off his face in a moment. He sprang to his feet and seized his greatcoat. Ignoring Mrs. Coulter, he flung the coat around his shoulders and said to the orderly: â€Å"Tell Madame Oxentiel at once. Put this order out: the daemons are not to be threatened, or frightened, or coerced in any way. Anyone seeing them should first†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mrs. Coulter heard no more of what he was saying, because he was already halfway down the stairs. When his running footsteps had faded, too, the only sounds were the gentle hiss of the naphtha lamp and the moan of the wild wind outside. Her eyes found the eyes of her daemon. The golden monkey’s expression was as subtle and complex as it had ever been in all their thirty-five years of life. â€Å"Very well,† she said. â€Å"I can’t see any other way. I think†¦ I think we’ll†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He knew at once what she meant. He leapt to her breast, and they embraced. Then she found her fur-lined coat, and they very quietly left the chamber and made their way down the dark stairs. How to cite The Amber Spyglass Chapter 28 Midnight, Essay examples

Six Core Values - Fundamental Of Social Worker

Question: If I Was a Social Worker Film Paper Each student will select a film from the list below. The films listed each depict a person, and/or family who would greatly benefit from the help of a social worker. Using what you have learned in class about the goals and purposes of social work, the six core values and social work ethics, diversity, and the macro, mezzo and micro concepts, write a 3-4 page paper, typed, double spaced, that discusses how you would help one of the films main characters if you were their social worker. What would you do to help the client overcome the challenges they face, and move forward in life? Pick three of the following topics: the goals and purposes of social work, the six core values and social work ethics, diversity, and the macro, mezzo and micro concepts to discuss and apply them to the characters situation. Lastly, how are social workers portrayed in this film? Is the portrayal positive or negative? Is it a balanced portrayal? Answer: Objectives The fundamental mission of the social work calling is to enhance human success and help meet the principal human needs out of each other individual on earth, with particular attentiveness in regards to the needs and reinforcing of people who are vulnerable, abused, and living in poverty. A significant and describing part of social work is the calling's accentuation on individual thriving in a social association and the flourishing of society. Essential to social work is thought in regards to the natural powers that make, add to, and location issues in living. (Brodwin, 2013) Social workers advance social value and social change with and for the advantage of clients. Clients are used thoroughly to suggest individuals, families, social events, affiliations, and gatherings. Social workers are unstable to social and ethnic grouped qualities and try to end partition, misuse, dejection, and diverse sorts of social injustice. Social masters attempt to enhance the farthest point of people to address their own particular needs. Social authorities moreover hope to propel the responsiveness of affiliations, gatherings, and other social establishments to individuals' requirements and communal issue. (Carr and Beresford, 2012) Core Values There are certain core values that are necessary to be followed by the social workers. They are as below explained: Social workers' crucial objective is to assist public in need and to manage communal issues. Communal personnel raise organization to others on top of selfishness. Communal experts illustrate on their understanding, qualities, plus aptitudes to assist people inside want and to deal with communal issues. (Cragg, 2005) Social Justice Communal personnel confront communal unfairness. Communal personnel look for after communal alter, chiefly by means of and for unprotected and abused individuals and get-togethers of people. These activities hope to raise affectability to and data about abuse and social and ethnic arranged qualities. Dignity and Worth of the Person Communal experts take care of every individual in a minding and politely outline, watchful of person difference and social and racial contrasting qualities. Community authorities propel customers communally careful autonomy. Significance of Human Relationships Communal laborers perceive the focal significance of individual connections. Communities laborers comprehend so as to connections flanked by and in the middle of individuals are an essential means of transportation for alter. Communal laborer is consistently watchful of the calling main objective, principles, proper standards, and moral principles and performs in a method stable with them. Community laborers do something sincerely and mindfully and go forward ethical practice from the relations with which they are supplementary. Communal masters put into practice inside their districts of wellness and make and overhaul their master capacity. Communal experts unendingly attempt to grow their master data and capacities and to apply them essentially. (Ife, 2001) Losing Isaiah The film stares a drug addict Khaila Richards (Halle Berry), who leaves her baby, who instead is fostered and takes care by Margaret Lewin (Jessica Lange), who is a social worker here in this movie. She takes care of the baby and also develops a strong bond and a mother feeling for the baby. After knowing that the baby is born to a drug addict she brings the baby home to live with her family and provides him a home. Thus she provides a social justice. (Lambek, 2010)Then after 3 years Isaiah, the baby has been adopted by Margaret the social worker. Margaret does not object to it when Khaila get the custody of Isaiah after a long court battle because she knows that she is his mother and legally she has the right to get his custody thus respecting the human relationship and also holds her dignity while not doing so. Thus she gives Isaiah the liberty to decide where and to whom he wants to stay. Doing all this she has followed all the 6 core values that should be followed by the social w orker. Remark The social worker has been portrayed by Jessica Lange who is playing the role Margeret Lewin. She is acting in a positive role as she acts as a motherly guide to Isaiah when he was admitted to the hospital as well. She took care of Isaiah and also adopts him after 3 years down the line. Margeret has acted well in the role of a social worker she in fact she behaves with dignity and also hugs and embraces Khaila where she decides to let go Isaiah to stay with the Margeret and decide himself about his future. She respects Khaila when she wins the custody of her baby and understands her feelings as being a mother herself and thus does not object to what has been decided by the court. Thus Margeret Lewin portrays a good and successful social worker in the movie as according to the values laid down for the social workers. (Witkin, 2000) References Brodwin, P. (2013).Everyday ethics. Berkeley: University of California Press. Carr, S. and Beresford, P. (2012).Social care, service users and user involvement. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Cragg, W. (2005).Ethics codes, corporations, and the challenge of globalization. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Ife, J. (2001).Human rights and social work. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lambek, M. (2010).Ordinary ethics. New York: Fordham University Press. Witkin, S. (2000). Ethics-R-Us.Social Work, 45(3), pp.197-200.

Questionnaire on Advertising Effectiveness free essay sample

Have you seen the advertisements of Nirapara ? ? Yes ? No 2. How would you rate the advertisements of Nirapara compared with others you have seen ? ? Much better ? Better ? More or less the same ? Worse ? Much worse 3. How frequently do you watch the advertisements of Nirapara ? ? Every day ? Weekly ? Fortnightly ? Monthly ? Never 4. From which media you noticed this advertisement ? ? TV ? Newspaper ? Magazines Print boards ? Others 5. How did the advertisement describe the products ? ? Highly effective ? Effective ? Average ? Ineffective ? Highly ineffective 6. Based on the advertisements of Nirapara would you buy it ? ? Surely yes ? Probably yes ? May be ? Probably not ? Surely not 7. The presence of celebrity influence the effectiveness of advertisement ? ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 8. The advertisements of Nirapara is informative ? ? strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 9. The advertisement of Nirapara is creative ? ? Strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 10. TV advertisement is more attractive than printed advertisement ? ? strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 11. We will write a custom essay sample on Questionnaire on Advertising Effectiveness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ethical value of the advertisement ? ? Highly ethical ? Ethical ? Neutral ? Unethical ? Highly unethical 12. Present advertisements of Nirapara is enough for their promotion of products ? strongly agree ? Agree ? Neutral ? Disagree ? Strongly disagree 13. The advertisement of which Nirapara product you mostly noticed.

Literature Term Paper Topics

Literature Term Paper Topics Most professors, occupied in literature learning, and teaching literature classes are sure, that there is nothing more exciting than writing a literature term paper. There are various literature term paper topics, all ready to be covered by students and there is a whole new world just underneath the surface. Most professors, are sure that literature is a very exciting topic, and whenever you are given an opportunity to write a literature term paper – you have to seize the moment to dig the real meaning of every aspect of the literature you are researching on. You have to love what you do, so whenever you are given a literature term paper assignment – you have to learn to appreciate the literature, learn to love it, etc. But not everyone is capable to learn to love something. There is a theory that appreciation of a certain literature masterpiece comes from the character of every person, and that there are certain literature novels, that a person is simply not capable to appreciate, due o his own character issues, etc. In most cases of every literature course – when asked to write a literature term paper   you basically need to write a term paper on the material you have covered in class. From one point of view – it can be easier for you, you don’t have to invent a bicycle, and search for something new in your literature term paper, but on the other hand, your imagination is limited, and you are forced to write on something that can be less interesting for you, than some other poetry, prose, etc. that may be more appealing to you, but which was unfortunately not covered in class. The format of writing a literature term paper, is only one, which is an expository term paper style. This style is basically an explanatory term paper style, which means that you will have to explain something from the literature that has been discussed in school. This is more specific for poetry type of literature, but also can be referred to prose Though you are very limited in your literature term paper, it still leaves you with plenty of things to think about and explain, and basically depends on what you have been studying in school. If you were discussing Shakespeare’s â€Å"Much ado about nothing†, you might want to explain the whole feminist issue in the play, and how early ideas of feminism influenced the feminism we see right now, the whole idea of equality, et cetera. Your basic objective, when writing a literature term paper, is to be able to cover the whole material you have discussed in class, prove that you have successfully understood it, as well as ass some new ideas, that are also interesting and relevant. In most cases – the best way to write a term paper on literature is the five paragraph term paper style. This particular style gives you a great opportunity to explain and address everything you want to be addressed without going further in to details, but a five paragraph term paper style is not a universal solution, so in some cases you might want to consider something more relevant. For instance if you are taking a Shakespeare class – you won’t be able to depict Hamlet in 5 paragraphs as it is simply not enough, and you will have to exceed it. It doesn’t matter whether you are writing a literature term paper on Hamlet with his madness, or addressing the feministic issues in Much ado about nothing – you still have to be extremely imaginative, bright, original and extraordinary. The whole point of writing a literature term paper is to show your ability to perceive something that is not on the surface and make sure you understood the correct sense. Whenever you are given an assignment to write a literature term paper, you have to think what would make your literature term paper dazzling and intriguing. There are many ways you can achieve that, either by finding something no one else has ever discussed, or simply depicting something of your own vision. But you must not forget, that whenever you write a literature term paper, you need to pay the dues to the author, composer, playwright, poet and writer. If you really want the best grade for your literature term paper, you need to set in your mind that you have to write the best literature term paper, or you won’t be noticed at all, and your paper will be graded as an average paper, which is never good. If you feel, that your thoughts and ideas are not that inventive and you feel that you require assistance in writing the literature term paper, you might want to consider a quality custom writing service, which will help you achieve that.

How to Write a Research Paper in MLA format

How to Write a Research Paper in MLA format How to Write a Research Paper in MLA format Both the content and the form of a research paper matter. In case your assignment requires using a certain format, do not neglect specific rules for every formatting style. The most common formats for research papers include MLA, APA, Turabian, Chicago, and Harvard, and they are all unique. Let us examine the MLA format. MLA (Modern Language Association) is the formatting style most commonly used for research papers in the fields of humanities, linguistics, liberal and other arts. When writing a research paper in MLA format, you are to devote special attention to the page layout and bibliography. Non-compliance with format guidelines may spoil the entire impression of your paper, and lower your mark as well. To avoid this, you need to master MLA formatting rules. MLA formatting rules are narrowed down to the following aspects: Title Page – This is sometimes an optional component of an MLA formatted paper; however, in most cases the title page contains information about the research paper topic, your name, and the name of your scientific advisor/tutor. Page Header – This presupposes placing your last name and page numbers in the upper right hand corner of every page. General Document Settings – The research paper is most commonly created with Microsoft Word with 12-point Times New Roman font. The margins should be 1 inch on all sides, and the paper is to be double-spaced. Citation Rules – Citations are to be carefully formatted as well. You may use in-text citations and list the sources used at the end of the paper. The rules differ in accordance with the citation you need (block or in-line quotations, paraphrase citing, etc.). (not â€Å"References† or â€Å"Bibliography†) – Be sure to include the list of cited sources on a separate page at the end of the research paper. This page will contain all the periodical, non-periodical, web, or print publications used in the research process and should be listed in alphabetical order. Also, do not forget to include full details for every source (the authors name, the books title, number of pages, publication year, etc.). In the majority of cases, you will only need to master the rules of MLA research paper formatting once and then use them while composing your papers. Still, you are always free to order custom paper formatting. In this case, professional editors and writers will grant their services to you. Quick and accurate formatting is carried out for every research paper. Ordering custom formatting for your written assignment will save your time and effort you could spend on more pleasant activities.

What are the strengths and the weaknesses of using the 'medical Essay

What are the strengths and the weaknesses of using the 'medical marketplace' as an approach to the history of medicine - Essay Example For numerous historians, this emphasis is situated in the context of a medical marketplace composed of a variety of medical items and healers. The medical marketplace model has ever since governed the field of the history of medicine. Harold Cook coined the term ‘medical marketplace’ to describe English medicine during the 17the century.This model involves the long-established tripartite differentiation of physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries, plus different kinds of quacks, herbalists, faith healers, midwives, and other less definite or ‘qualified’ healers. However, the medical marketplace model has also been criticized in various medical fields. This essay analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the medical marketplace model as an approach to the history of medicine. The Medical Marketplace Model Drawing on the assumption that ailing individuals have the capacity to make consumer decisions and are rational, numerous historians have expanded the history of medicine to encompass all forms of medical marketplace throughout the history of medicine. Thus, the history of the whole range of casual quacks and healers, of commercial products, and family prescriptions for different illnesses has become accepted and popular medical history. Historians have been particularly interested in being able to recreate the massive array of options or alternatives available to consumers of medical products and/or services. Over the recent decades, historians have given a great deal of attention to the hierarchy or division of medical professionals and in the knowledge, understanding, and experiences of patients. As an outcome of this wider approach, historians became adept at characterising the delivery of medical products/services in early modern North America and Europe as a medical marketplace.4 Furthermore, this tendency to adopt the medical marketplace model has also been observed among historians focused on the histories of ‘folk medicineà ¢â‚¬â„¢. In general, how the patients responded or did not respond to their sickness offered a measure of the degree to which the medicalisation processes progressed or regressed throughout time.5 Historians in the 1970s and 1980s were predisposed to situate medical professionals at the limelight in the medical marketplace of the past centuries, endowing early modern physicians an antiquated critical role in the delivery of medical services. More distinguishing attribute of later studies is the transition from physician-oriented academic interest to a more inclusive paradigm of the different sources of medical products/services provided.6 Past studies drew largely on the number of medical professionals as a measure of what several historians considered as ‘poor’ performance of healers throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, revealing the exaggeration of the value of physicians, who in reality were an outnumbered group among medical practitioners.7 Basically, the medical marketplace model demonstrates that insistent and educated or well-informed patients, or consumers, bought medical products/services as commodities in a disorganised, independent, and unchecked medical system. From the 18th to the 19th century, no ethical codes specific to the field of medicine presided over the relationship between health care providers and patients in early modern North America and Europe.8 Even though highly educated medical professionals produced essays on issues that are currently classified within the domain of medical ethics, the daily interactions between the ill and healers were influenced by two categories of broader social rules: (1) the system of the delivery of medical services during the early modern period has been associated with

1-7 Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

1-7 Topics - Essay Example Transaction demand for money. This is a situation where people hold money to purchase goods and services. This is the most common form of money demand as each and every individual in the world demand money to pay for services and goods for consumption. Demand for money exhibits a negative relationship with the nominal interest rates. As the interest rates increases decrease, the demand for money increases. When the nominal interest rate decreases, the result is less attractive bonds (Langdana, 34). If a person gets a lower interest rate on the investment, he is more likely to trade those investments in for hard cash. Rising real incomes and increasing numbers of people employed will increase the demand for money at each interest rate. The transaction demand for money is positively related to inflation and income. An increase in a person’s income rises or as the prices increases, he will hold more money that will enable him carry out his daily transactions. Monetary policy- in controlling the inflation in the economy, I would recommend that the central bank lowers the lending rates, normally to a target of around 2-3%. Monetarists emphasized on keeping the growth rate of money steadily and using monetary policy inflation. They opted for slowing the rise in the money stock, and increasing interest rates. The next recommendation is to adjust the real wage. Increase in inflation makes get pay rise to offset inflation. However their real wage remain constant and hence the purchasing power is not lost as long as the nominal wage rise keep up and wages does not fall. Monetary policy is the process by which the Central Bank of a country controls money supply that targets the interest rates for the purpose of enhancing economic stability and growth. Tools of monetary policy include: Reserve requirements- this is the case where the monetary authority applies regulatory control over banks.

Gallipoli Essay Example for Free

Gallipoli Essay A relevant idea in the film Gallipoli, produced by Peter Weir, is that war is a tragic waste of life. Weir made this idea seem relevant in the world today by using film techniques including music, dialogue and symbolism. Gallipoli is the story of a young man who went off to World War One. This particular film narrates the story of an eighteen-year-old from Western Australia who boarded a troop ship bound for Gallipoli. These soldiers fought the Turks in a campaign to capture Constantinople in 1915. It was Archy Hamilton’s sacrifices that highlighted the main idea that war was a tragic waste of life. Music is the first technique used to show us that war is a tragic waste of life, an idea that is relevant in the world today. Adagio in G Minor was a fitting sad and sombre piece. It was played along with blue lighting and visual effects such as the smoke when the soldiers crossed from Lemnos to Gallipoli. This piece of music really made me feel sad. It really helped to convey the sombre mood. The blue lighting and smoke also helped to add to the tension of the scene. This scene reminded me of animals heading off to a slaughterhouse. The superior officers acted as the humans, whilst the soldiers acted as the animals. It was these attitudes towards life and society that really helped me to understand that war is a tragic a waste of life. The officers’ attitudes showed that they did not seem to care about the soldiers’ lives or personalities. They just wanted to win the war. This idea is backed up by the dialogue between Major Barton and Colonel Robinson. â€Å"If the Turks get back in their trenches we’ll get cut to pieces! † â€Å"I still say you must go. † This attitude of the officer’s also has relevance in today’s world. There are still people out there nowadays who are so ambitious that they do not care what is in their way or who gets hurt. They are determined to reach their goal, for example a parliamentary race for election or an athlete’s fight for a champion title. Dialogue is a technique used to show us that war is a tragic waste of life, an idea that is still relevant in the world today. In the opening scenes we are shown a tracking shot of Archy sprinting and his ‘world-class’ time. This is showing us a brief snapshot of Archy’s talent. Later in the film Uncle Jack says to Archy, â€Å"You’ve got the God-given ability to be amongst our very greatest. † This piece of dialogue really conveyed to me the extent of his talent and that he could go far. This is why I was dismayed to find out that Archy was killed in action. The enemy does not care who is in the firing line or what the opposition’s personal talents are, they are just there to win the war. So not only is war a tragic waste of life, but a waste of talent too. Eric Bogle’s hit single ‘And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda’ also backed up this idea. In the song he mentioned the â€Å"wounded and maimed. † This refers to those men like Archy, who had the potential to go far but war got in the way. Their talents were wasted or never had the chance to develop, because their countries were fighting over a minor issue that could have been resolved. This idea is also relevant in the world today because everyone has the potential to do or become something great. You just have to look deep inside yourself to find it. That is why it makes me so sad to see people wasting their talent and potential over one silly and stupid mistake and then end up going to jail. Another technique used to show that war is a tragic waste of life is symbolism. Symbolism is also used to show that this idea is still relevant in the world today. One example of this would be the use of watches. We are shown a close up shot of Uncle Jack clocking Archy’s record-breaking time. Later in the film, before Archy goes over the top of the trench, we are shown him hanging up the watch along with his other meagre possessions. This shows us that it means something to him. I believe this is because it reminds him of back home, his friends and family. The watch is also a symbol of Archy’s talent and is something that brings Uncle Jack and Archy closer. I also believe that the use of watches is used to symbolise death and that death runs on it’s own clock. This idea is also relevant in the world today when people face the tragedy of cancer. We cannot control whether we will be alive tomorrow, we just have to let life run its course. It made me really sad to see the watch being hung up on the bayonet because I felt it brought me to the end. Also, when Uncle Jack is saying goodbye, he said, â€Å"Take care of it boy. This is referring to the watch. This statement reinforces Archy’s youth by using the word â€Å"boy†. It also reinforces the meaning of the watch for him. To conclude, the techniques used to show that war is a tragic waste of life are music, dialogue and symbolism. These techniques were also used to show this main idea’s relevance in today’s world. I think the world today has become smarter than the days of world wars. There will still be skirmishes, but mankind has become smart enough to know not to sacrifice everything all over again.

Karl Jaspers and Seung Sahn Essay -- Compare Contrast Philosophy Essay

Karl Jaspers and Seung Sahn In this paper I will be making a comparison between the thoughts of Karl Jaspers and Korean Zen master Seung Sahn on the nature of consciousness and transcendence. The essays in question by Jaspers are his essays â€Å"On the Origin of My Philosophy,† written in 1941, and his lectures on the significance of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche and â€Å"the Encompassing,† given in 1935 (p. 158). The other text being studied is The Compass of Zen, a compilation of Seung Sahn’s lectures on the three main branches of Buddhism. The Compass of Zen was begun in the 1960s as a basic text to explain the â€Å"bone,† or common essence, of Buddhism to Sahn’s Zen students. The 1960s brought a sharp rise on interest in Buddhism among Americans, and The Compass of Zen is often used as a primer to help Westerners understand its teachings. Thus, Sahn has combined teachings from all over Asia (the three main branches of Hinayana, Mahayana, and Zen Buddhism) into one text. Ja sper’s philosophy is similarly based on the desire for a â€Å"universal historical view.† He considered the three main sources of philosophical thought to be India, the Orient, and the Western tradition beginning with the Greeks. He writes that it is important to understand many different types of philosophies because they all spring from the basic human desire for understanding. As he writes in Kaufmann’s anthology, â€Å"there is more than one universal truth in man.† Both Jaspers and Sahn are trying to create a universally applicable philosophy of inner reflection (meditation) to gain transcendence (enlightenment, nirvana, moshka, satori); in practical terms, inner peace. Jaspers’ philosophy is based in the idea that philosophy is ruined by attempts to put it into ... ... mentioned in Jaspers, it is prominent in the thinking of both Bergman and Camus.) As we can see, the philosophies of Jaspers and Seung Sahn agree on many of the same essential points, particularly on the structure and origin of consciousness. Where the two differ is in questions of methodology. Jaspers wants to stretch the limits of thought to find transcendence, while Buddhism (particularly Zen) tries to go to a place beyond thought, before thought, and thinks it best to do this by not thinking. Works Cited Jaspers, Karl. â€Å"On the Origin of My Philosophy,† â€Å"Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, â€Å"The Encompassing.† Existentialism from Dostoyevsky to Sartre. Ed. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Plume, 2004. p.158-232. Sahn, Zen Master Seung. The Compass of Zen. Boston: Shambhala, 1997. Tzu, Lao. Tao Te Ching. Trans. David Hinton. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 2002.

Global Marketing Leadership Essay

Global marketing leadership and ethical issues have become a more frequent occurrence give the increased business participation the ever growing global economy. Even though some people think that culture is fragile and when compromised will cease to exist, marketing can be both the preserving measure of a culture or its compromising factor. Marketing of products stems from a more economically developed and open market societies such as countries like: The United States, Europe, and Australia to name a few. The marketing ethics and leadership dilemma begins with how to translate an open market to economical underdeveloped countries and how to market with cultural sensitivity without losing the ethical integrity of what the business stands for and actually engages in. The question to be posed and answered by the ethical leadership and marketing of globally participator businesses is if cultural sensitivity the driving force behind the study of global ethics and leadership or is this just as adaptable as the open market for business is today? With increased globalization come increased cross-cultural ethics issues. Modern marketing is viewed as that compromising factor that westernizes cultures globally, however, advances cultures as well. The focus of ethical marketing is how to respect the cultural practices and views of ethics and market a business product effectively. Cultural divides should not create a dilemma in the globalized economy; however, the sensitivity to cultural ethics should warrant a business to have integrity and pride in their products while adhering to often hard to adapt cultural ethical views. Culturally we are different and should be respected however; cultural differences should be celebrated and adapted too in order to really see a unified global marketing perspective. Another question to be answered by ethical marketing should be how does a business effectively differentiate and anticipate the ethical and the cultural sensitivities from country to country they wish to secure a market share in? Cultural Marketing Sensitivities As businesses enter and seek to sustain their market positions in the ever growing global market, the tactics of marketing used must be adapted to been seen as ethical to the cultures presented but not so adapted that the integrity of the business is lost. To achieve this balance Aristotle’s mean doctrine focuses on the â€Å"moral virtues† that are identified as the middle ground between selfish motive and an indifferent motive. The moral and ethical differences also need to be addressed as the act of engaging in marketing for a business is to satisfy, anticipate and identify customer product requirements profitably (Carrigan et. l. , 2005). A goal of marketing is to identify consumer requirements of a product as their largest vote globally is the dollars in which they use to purchase various products. Globally, standards vary and must be addressed through the interface of marketing ethics that joins the buyer preferences with overall company profitability aspirations on the demand of their products and services. The culture of a country plays a large role in the way the members of that society relate ethics in marketing and the socialization of what is viewed as acceptable behaviors (Pires et. al. , 2002 ). To better understand Pires et. al. (2002) continues to explain that ethics is a compromised set of four classical philosophical questions that relate to the phenomenon of global marketing ethics: (1) what is the first principle of things? (Metaphysics), (2) what is true? (Epistemology), (3) what is beautiful (Aesthetics), and (4) how to persuade or influence others? (Rhetoric) (Pires et. al. , 2002) All four of these questions lend themselves to the understanding of the urgency of fundamental understanding of how ethics, leadership, marketing and the global markets relate to each other. Ethics of Marketing Metaphysics: What is the first principle of things? Metaphysics as a constructed by Kant as metaphysics of morals is an ethical point of view of morality in reference to self-interest over community as applied to the ethical dilemma of globalized marketing. Kant (1788) metaphysics view on ethics and morality utilized a utilitarian theory and focused on the duties of the business not being associated with complete self-interest (Carrigan et. al. , 2005, p. 481). Metaphysical morality when applied to global marketing directs businesses to seek to satisfy objectives other than business interest. Kant’s study continues to reveal that businesses have a duty to satisfy and deliver benefits through ethical marketing strategies sensitive to the cultures they are trying to influence (Carrigan et. al. , 2005, p. 481). The pay-off and ultimate moral imperative for a business is securing the sale of the items marketed globally. The businesses’ utilization of Kant’s metaphysical morality can lead to ncreased market presence as the business appears ethical to the global consumer. The first principle of global marketing is to appear acceptable in behavior, ethical and culturally sensitive during the marketing process. While appearing ethical in marketing, businesses must also adhere to varying truth standards for each global market the business enters. Epistemology: What is true? Epistemology as a marketing ethics and leadership compo nent is demonstrated in the study of knowledge and justified beliefs (Carrigan et. al. , 2005). Marketing on a global scale must make normative moral decisions when presenting the business version of the truth within its adverting. Product safety and the correlated marketing global advertisements must be presented in a non-controversial way and with sensitivity towards the ethical boundaries of the global markets. Western ethics vary defiantly and operating globally will involve a quest through epistemological â€Å"objective† reality (Pires et. al. , 2002, p. 111). The introduction of an objective reality is in stark contrast to the Japanese culture fueled by tradition that is not as flexible to outside influence. The United States has the ability to find truth for many small and integrated cultural groups while justifying the objective reality as a normative moral marketing tactic acceptable within the United States culture. In contrast to Japan that is rooted is aesthetics and normative moral conduct based around what is considered respectable. The cultural views of beauty can often be taboo in cross-cultural marketing and businesses are charged with presenting a beautiful, ethical and aesthetically acceptable by each global market’s standards. Aesthetics: What is beautiful? Beauty ethics in marketing is as very important as it translates desirability of the product and sells the benefits of a product through visual artistry. An example of the aesthetic marketing manipulation power as explained by Carrigan et. al. (2005) is: in order to market and develop a market for tobacco products, tobacco companies were distributing promotional cigarettes to anyone in Taiwan despite of age or gender by beautiful young girls creating a luring effect on the culture (Carrigan et. l. , 2005). The use of aesthetically pleasing young girls can be seen as an unethical way to promote a health harming product, especially without requirements of age. Marketing within western culture is considered ethical and within cultural boundaries as the marketing use of young beautiful girls is common place and accepted as normal behavior. Nudity is common in Western culture as we celebrate beauty and stardom, which is not, accepted everywhere as close as J apan. A culture bathed in tradition, nudity is not acceptable behavior and in reference to marketing ethics would be considered unethical and in poor taste. Kant explained aesthetics as an appreciation in terms of delight or aversion of an object or person; delight being known as beautiful (Dobson, 2010). The aesthetic ethics is not utilitarian, however does create a corporate aesthetic style (Dobson, 2010). The consumer is the most foundational relationship the business desires to build as the marketing campaigns demonstrate an overall business and product aesthetic. Beauty creates a visual representation of the marketing campaign; however the rhetoric of the marketing tends to be what sticks with the desired audience. Rhetoric: How to persuade or influence others? Rhetoric ethics is a utilitarian ethical theory that reviews the power of influencing others. Culturally, international marketers are in control of a majority of the marketing mix allowing them the potential to shape political power, changing social structures, and influencing economic development (Dobson, 2010). The utility of participating in a globalized marketing campaign has to produce benefits that outweigh the cost to comply with cultural difference in ethics and leadership. Persuasion and agreement has to be forthcoming and evaluated on the basis of societal cost if safety concerns or recalls surface for the products being marketed. Given the power to persuade, companies should never try to justify any actions to the consumer that hurt or harm them, however the marketing company should strive to maintain a high set of ethical standards within the rhetoric of their marketing (Dobson, 2010). Ethical marketing and global leadership relies on firms accepting global responsibility for the claims made in advertising to spark consumer interest and ultimately their commitment to patron the business. Conclusion In a global marketing scenario the utilitarianism view would be comfortable in reviewing and weighing the cost of a possibly culturally insensitive and unethical marketing campaign if it secured sales and interest for a business. Marketing serves society’s needs without ethical strings or boundaries as explained by Carrigan et. al. (2005) referencing the explanation given by Fineman. Within multi-national companies that participate globally, there is Fineman, as quoted by Carrigan et. al. (2005) details how apart from the lapses with gun marketing, pornography, Breadshaw and Palfreman presented marketing as a neutral system or tools of management that serve the market with good (Carrigan et. al. , 2005, p. 83). Culturally, the globalization of the market has empowered leaders to seek an ethical foundation that is uniform when engaging in promoting their business. The ethical dilemma enters when cultures vary so significantly that the definitions of acceptable behavior are polar opposites. Dunfee et. al (1999) posed the research thesis of finding a normative moral foundation for marketing that provides a framework of resolve for the ethical issues that arise in global marketing. The commonality of Kantian, virtue, rights, justice utilitarianism and social contract theories of global marketing is the perspective of impartiality and marketing morality. Moving forward as the global economy continues to grow, the overall ethical fibers of the marketing profession will need to adapt with the ever changing cultures of the world. As the consumer’s taste change, so will the marketing ethics and leadership strategies in order to remain effective and acceptable culturally.

An Analysis of Othello by William Shakespeare Essay

In the play â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare Iago plays the master manipulator and manages to deceive many of the other characters especially Othello and Cassio. It can be said that his motives are based solely on his insecurities due to the fact his goal in the play was to ruin Othello’s life. He does this by using psychological manipulation on Othello’s thoughts and makes him believe that Cassio and Desdemona are fond of each other. Which basically means that he targets anyone that brings out his insecurities, which gives him a reason to lash out and kill or harm these people, to make himself feel better. In the beginning of the play Iago makes it seem as if his hatred towards Othello is because he has made Cassio his lieutenant. As the play goes on you later realize that Iago’s hatred extends even more. â€Å"I hate the Moor, and it is thought abroad that ‘twixt my sheets, he has done my office: I know not if’t be true, but I, for mere suspicion in that kind, will do as if for surety.†. There seems to be some rumors about Othello and Iago’s wife Emilia, the rumors are that Othello and Emilia have slept together. In the quote above he states that he doesn’t care if the rumors are true and that he is going to proceed with his plan as if they are true. Throughout the play Iago constantly reminds himself of why he’s targeting Othello. â€Å"I do suspect the lusty Moor, Hath leap’d into my seat: the thought whereof, Doth, like a poisonous mineral, gnaw my inwards; And nothing can or shall content my soul, till I am even’d with him, wife for wife.† His hatred towards Cassio is more directed. Iago hates Cassio because he has gotten the position of lieutenant even with his lack of experience in the field as he is a more tactical creating strategies person. â€Å"More than a spinster, unless the bookish theoric†. Iago basically states that Cassio’s lack of manliness add to his hatred towards him. Each person in the play get manipulated in a way that only suits them. For example Roderigo is â€Å"blinded by his love for Desdemona, and is prepared to do anything to win her heat† this give Iago the advantage to take his weakness and use it against him. As innocent as Iago’s words seem Othello lets Iago’s manipulative words counteract with his thinking and this is where you could say he has officially planted the seed making sure he has  Othello’s ear. As Othello asks for proof Iago is once again able to manipulate Othello by making him hide and hear a conversation Iago has with Cassio. â€Å"Now will I question Cassio of Bianca, A housewife that by selling her desires, Buys herself bread and clothes. It is a creature, that dotes on Cassio, as ’tis the strumpet’s plague, To beguile many and be beguiled by one. He, when he hears of her, cannot refrain, From the excess of laughter. Here he comes.† Iago says this once Othello withdraws and once Cassio corners him starts discussing Bianca but allows Othello to believe they are discussing Desdemona. He whispers so Othello would not hear him and by doing that he agitates Othello and that causes him to be delusional. As mentioned before Cassio is also manipulated by Iago. The first way in which Cassio is deceived is when he get pressured into drinking and then starting a fight which consequently ruins Cassio’s reputation.† If I can fasten but one cup upon him, with that which he hath drunk tonight already, He’ll be as full of quarrel and offense, as my young mistress’ dog. Now my sick fool Roderigo, Whom love hath turned almost the wrong side out, To Desdemona hath tonight caroused, Potations pottle-deep, and he’s to watch. Three lads of Cyprus, noble swelling spirits, That hold their honors in a wary distance, The very elements of this warlike isle, Have I tonight flustered with flowing cups, And they watch too. Now ’mongst this flock of drunkards, Am I to put our Cassio in some action, That may offend the isle.† This is Iago’s soliloquy where he actually reveals his manipulative side. At first, Iago told Cassio he should drink on behalf of Othello although he knew that he did not want to and was not capable of it. Iago has manipulated Cassio to do something unethical. Othello and Cassio both get exploited by Iago because they both find honest, good friend and have a hard time judging character. Iago acts like he truly cares about Othello by giving him warning signs about Cassio. Iago also fools Cassio into thinking he cares whether he has a good time or not. Another way Iago manipulates Cassio is when he plants the handkerchief in Cassio’s chambers. â€Å"I know not neither, I found it in my chamber. I like the work well. Ere it be demanded, As like enough it will, I would have it copied. Take it and do ’t, and leave me for this time.†. Cassio says this when he gives it to Bianca. Cassio has no idea as to how the handkerchief got into his room. Iago left it there to set him up and make it seem as if he is having an affair with Desdemona. Iago exploits Cassio’s limited  knowledge since Cassio did not know that the handkerchief belong to Desdemona. In both scenarios Iago manipulates Othello and Iago by sugar coating the truth from them. Iago does feel better after manipulating the characters in the story this is shown throughout the story as Iago manipulates and controls every other character so well that they seem like puppets that he controls. At the end of the play, Iago’s manipulation has left a trail of destruction that has killed Othello and Cassio, as well others and has destroyed the lives of many who remain. The motivations and ideas Iago has are very deceptive and cunning, and his ability to influence is very amazing. Iago’s actions define of a man who will stop at nothing until he exacts revenge on everyone who he feels has threaten him in one way or another. Shakespeare has presented Iago as a kind and noble soldier he has also been known as honest Iago, this showing that everyone is not as what they seem on the outside. Already knowing that Iago has a hatred for his superior Othello and now Cassio â€Å"Thou told’st me thou didst hold him in thy hate,† Said Roderigo. â€Å"D espise me if I do not,† Iago replies. This during the opening scenes in the play. Iago fools Othello by providing â€Å"ocular† proof but didn’t allow him to listen or understand properly. As for Cassio, he used his friendship to plant the handkerchief. Both Othello and Cassio are naà ¯ve have a hard time judging character, are too proud to believe that someone is fooling them and their limited knowledge as to what was going on around them allows Iago to Successfully in the end manipulate the mind of Othello and sent him insane and left Cassio in a situation that he didn’t belong in. Othello and Cassio were both victims of Iago’s manipulation due to the fact that they had something Iago did not. Bibliography William, S. (01.22.14). Othello. Great Britain. Oxford University. Jonathan, L. (28.01.2010). How does Iago manipulate different characters in order to achieve his aims? Othello. Retrieved (02.27.2014), from http://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/english/how-does-iago-manipula te-different-characters-in-order-to-achieve-his-aims.html The Theme of Deception in William Shakespeare’s Othello. Retrieved (02.27.2014), from https://sites.google.com/site/thethemeofdeception/home Joshua, A. (2013). Protestant epistemology and Othello’s consciousness. Retrieved (03.01.14), from Gale Academic One File.

recession in india

recession in india Free Online Research Papers Global Recession has brought magnanimous amount of grief and anxiety to all workers all over the world. It has severely affected the lifestyles and the living conditions of people worldwide. Business closing down, great retrenchment and staggering percentage of unemployment mirror how recession affects our modern world. People are overly vacated with what are the jobs that won’t be directly affected by recession and how to stay afloat amidst this time of ordeal. According to the latest employment projections from United States Department of Labor, good tidings are on the horizon for all job seekers. Here’s the 5 stable jobs expected to experience employment frenzy through 2018. 1. Accountants and Auditors They provide vital services to companies and individuals who want to maintain solid financial footing by analyzing and communicating financial information, ensuring public records are kept, and preparing taxes. Recession resistance: Accountants and auditors held 1.3 million jobs in 2008, and that number is expected to increase by 279,400 over the next decade into 2018. Education: A bachelor’s degree in accounting, is the most widely sought-after qualification by employers. For upper-level positions, some employers might prefer a master’s degree in accounting or business administration. Average yearly salary: $65,840 2. Medical Assistants Providing needed assistance in the offices of physicians, podiatrists, and chiropractors, medical assistants handle administrative, clinical, or other specialized tasks. Recession resistance: The U.S. Department of Labor forecasts the number of medicals assistants will grow 34 percent from 2008-2018. Reasons: Medical advancements and an aging U.S. population. Education: Medical assisting certificate and associate’s degree programs provide academic and clinical training in various areas and can usually be completed in one to two years. Average yearly salary: $29,060 3. Registered Nurses RNs treat patients, give advice about medical conditions, instruct families on how to deal with health issues, and provide valuable emotional support. Recession resistance: RNs are the largest health care occupation with 2.6 million jobs. And that number is expected to increase by 22 percent through 2018. Reasons: Increasingly complex medical treatments and the rising number of aging Americans needing long-term care. Education: A bachelor’s degree, an associate’s degree, and a diploma, from an approved nursing program are the three most common educational avenues to a career as an RN. You’ll advance further and faster with a more advanced degree. Average yearly salary: $65,130 4. Computer Software Engineers Programmers They make computers tick by creating, testing, and evaluating software applications and systems. Engineers might even design the latest hot-selling computer game or develop a new operating system. Recession resistance: In 2008, computer software engineers and programmers held about 1.3 million jobs. That figure is expected to jump 21 percent by 2018. Reasons: Concerns over information security and increased needs for new software. Education: Bachelor’s degrees in computer programming and applications, networking, or information systems, are among the most sought after by employers. An associate’s degree or certificate might suffice for others. Average yearly salary: $73,470 5. Management Analysts Sometimes called management consultants, analysts serve private industry by evaluating and recommending ways to better an organization’s efficiency and productivity or to increase profits. Recession resistance: Competition for management analyst jobs is highly competitive, but firms who might hire consultants specializing in environmental (â€Å"green†) issues are expected to help the number of analysts jobs grow by 24 percent into the year 2018. Education: Educational requirements in this field might vary for entry-level positions. A master’s degree in business administration or a related field – such as e-business or e-commerce – is considered useful. However, because analysts handle a wide range of projects, a bachelor’s degree in fields such as human resources, information technology, or marketing and sales could open doors. Average yearly salary: $82,92 Latest Trend in Recruitments Temporary Staffing in Indian Companies The HR fraternity in India is undergoing sea level changes with upcoming trends like e-recruitments, outsourcing HR functions, and the like. Now the next big thing Temporary Staffing is gaining acceptance across industries. Few months back the job market was overflowed with people who were labeled as leftover guys who could not find a permanent job for themselves. But that is passà © now. Companies are recruiting employees on temporary basis mainly for a particular project, paying them off and then letting them go as soon as the project is over. What is Temping? Temping is the process of hiring temporary workers or, as they are called Temps, for a shorter duration of time for a particular project and remain in the company till the project lasts. The temps work for one Client Company while being on rolls of a third party. A temp is contract worker who is being hired for a short time, typically till a project lasts. The contract ranges from a period of 2 months to 15 months. These temps are made available by the employee leasing firms like TeamLease. Such companies provide a wide range of temporary staffing solutions including temporary-to-permanent services where in the company hires an employee for trial basis and absorbs him within the company on the basis on his performance; and long-term contracts where temps are hired for a longer period of time which may last up to two years. The non core functions like sales, front office, customer support, finance, back end operations and administration demand more temps. The reason seems to be quite obvious companies focus on their core functions to sustain the cut throat competition, while they outsource their non core functions. In India, almost 80 million people are working on temporary basis, however a meager 0.5 per cent of them are employed in the organized sector. Currently there are about 1,20,000 to 1,30,000 temps working with over 500 companies, including ICICI Lombard, Bharti, Reliance Infocomm, HP, Wipro BPO, Transworks and so on. If we go by sector basis, studies show that temps are predominant in IT sector. However, others sectors like banking, FMCG, retail and consumer durables sector are also showing their interest in hiring temps. So how often do these temporary workers turn into permanent employees? Though, earlier, the chance of being absorbed by the company was almost negligible, the trend is gaining pace as the demand for skilled workforce is increasing. The conversion rate has grown up to 20 to 30 percent form four percent. Why Temping Temping started off with MNCs hiring contract workers. It comes with a packet of benefits for the organizations as well as for the employees. Organizations enjoy the benefit of workforce flexibility and ease of recruitments and quick replacements. Temping also saves training costs as leasing companies direct skilled and experienced workers to the companies. Moreover, non productive employees can be chucked out without many complications. By outsourcing non core functions, the company deeply focuses on its core functions only. The companies also get more work done from temporary workers and also escape for paying them perks and incentives. From employees point of view, temping helps an employee to acquire different skills and upgrade basic skills by working in different setups. Employees acquire multiple skills to remain employable is competitive job markets. Temping even offers tempting career opportunities to housewives, retired personnel, people with defense backgrounds, freelancers and freshers. Temps who work for big brands also boast about the same in their resumes, thus, giving them an advantage over others. These are some flip sides of temping too. Job insecurity always acts as a demotivator for others candidates. The temps hardly get any perks and incentives like the permanent employees. The chances of becoming permanent with the client company are also less so possibility of achieving a stable career lacks. The underperformers are always at risk as they can be sacked anytime and that too without a notice. Moreover, too much hopping act as red flags in ones resume. Sustaining the trend Though job security is still essential for many in India, an increasing number of young people are opting for temporary jobs. The market for such jobs will grow exponentially in coming years. Almost every sector, be it capital intensive or labor intensive, is showing keen interest in temps. Moreover, those candidates who have a hunger for multiple skills, are increasingly taking up these jobs. Permanent job assurance is now passà © as downsizing can happen any time. Temping will prove to be a viable option in such cases. The industry watchers believe that this new HR trend is here to stay. The Future Of Temporary Staffing Temporary staffing is expected to grow exponentially in the country, in the near future. â€Å"It is the quality and ease of availability of manpower that would define the role employee leasing organisations stand to play, not only in non-core functions but also certain core business areas of organisations,† points out Reddy, adding that it is imperative for outsourcing partners to move from â€Å"only† employee leasing to complete end-to-end â€Å"activity management.† It is also necessary for outsourcing partners to be equipped with vertical and functional specialisations, with key differentiators customised to the Indian employment scenario. In a recruitment market where the concept of full-time employment is increasingly becoming a thing of the past, temporary staffing is emerging as the viable option. Advantages of temporary staffing The opportunity for organisations to focus on core areas Flexibility of employment Ease of recruitment and replacement Long-term cost advantages Benefits of scale Future of recruitments India Inc is likely to witness 10-15 per cent increase in hiring in 2010-11, led by the telecom sector which is forecast to provide awhopping over one lakh jobs, global consultancy Ernst Young has said Indian job market seems to be striking right chord with countrys working population, as more and more vacancies are being created and filled across sectors. On a conservative stand, percentage increase in hiring in the new fiscal can be between 10-15 per cent, Ernst Young Partner and National Head (People Organisation) N S Rajan told PTI. The telecom growth story would continue in the fiscal and hiring activity in this sector is likely to be in excess of 1,00,000 jobs, Rajan said. Other sectors that are likely to lead hiring in the new fiscal include pharmaceuticals, FMCG and education, as they are facing a talent crunch at present. Ernst Young, however, believes that despite the ensuing euphoria over rising number of jobs, companies are likely to approach hiring with caution due to the hard lesson learnt in the past. Although most companies are doing away with hiring freeze imposed during the economic downturn, they are likely to hire strategically and look for long-term talent needs and not near term staffing requirements. Moreover, Ernst Young believes that while hiring would continue mostly to meet the replacement demand created as a result of erstwhile hiring freeze, there are likely to be mixed trends in the level of hiring activity across sectors. Though hiring has picked up in the economy across sectors like pharmaceutical, chemical, auto, insurance, education, retail and IT, it is unlikely that the bullish hiring trends of 2007 will be restored within the next one year, Rajan said. In sectors like auto/auto-components, banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI), and real estate, the hiring is on the rise to primarily fill in vacancies resulting from significant downsizing in the past and to meet future expansion plans. Interestingly, most companies are expecting higher attrition levels over the next few months on account of jobs coming back into economy resulting in increments being used as a tool to retain talent. Suffered IT Industry Due to Recession The final tally of jobs lost due to recession in the US is out. Computer World has reported that the US tech industry lost 250,000 jobs last year, nearly 4% of its total workforce. Tech manufacturing was worst hit and lost 8.1% or 112,600 jobs. Software services, which was least hit, lost 1.2% or 21,000 jobs. Overall, technology did better than other sectors of US economy which registered an overall unemployment rate of 9.3% last year. The report says hiring is back in the US with improving economy. California, Texas, New York, Florida and Virginia are top five states for finding jobs in the US. Though Indian IT industry also saw significant layoffs, there is no convincing data on the number of jobs lost due to recession. Most Indian firms, including the big players, chose to fire their employees stealthily on performance issues. Research Papers on recession in indiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanPETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Hip-Hop is ArtThe Project Managment Office System

A considerate of contemporary management function Essay Example for Free

A considerate of contemporary management function Essay ? A considerate of contemporary management function of the employer-employee relationship The six journal articles that have been looked at stem from the original Locke, (1982) article. Frederick W. Taylor popularised of scientific management. The essay will discuss 5 aspects of Taylor’s ideas about scientific management and show how understandings of contemporary management functions and the employer-employee relationship have been developed from Taylor’s ideas. What was Taylor’s idea about the management? Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively. The ideas about the relationship between employer and employee have been developed from a nother. Retain critical employees is important and necessary. According to the Fitz-enz(1997), the company average losses 1 million with every 10 people who is the managerial and professional employees. In addition, the total cost of least a former employee at least a year of wages and benefits, up to two years of unpaid salary and benefits. This is a huge economic loss with a company loses a number of critical employees. As a manager, we must give employees adequate physiological, safety, love, esteem. One of the advice is managers should look into a way to motivate employees to achieve a satisfactory and unmet needs through activities and exercises. Managers have a responsibility to create a suitable environment to inspire employees to their fullest potential. If no such right environment, will lead to a big difference such as lower job satisfaction, lower productivity, lower profit with a company. How to effectively improve the relationship between managers and employees? Taylor given 4 methods. (a) Scientific management: In Principles of Scientific Management (1911)Fredrick Winslow Taylor, the â€Å"Father† of scientific management utilises scientific methods to define th e â€Å"one best way† for a job to be done (b) Scientific selections. Taylor advocated selecting only â€Å"first class†(i.e., high aptitude) men for a given job because their productivity would be several times greater than that of the average man. (c) Money bonus. Taylor claimed that the money is what employees want most, he thinks employees should be paid from 30% to 100% higher wages for to do his job. (d) Management responsibility for training. Taylor thought that most contemporary managers should fully accept the notion that training new employees is their responsibility. My understanding about the  employer-employee relationship has also been shaped by these articles. I have learnt that (1) Scientific management can focus speed of production, low cost production and availability of an unskilled workforce. In addition, today’s use of scientific management can use time and motion studies to increase productivity, hire the best qualified employees and design incentive systems based on output. Equity theory is a theory of social comp arison effect on employees. This theory appears to be very common, but it is very important. Equity theory refers to the rate of employees with their work output and input compared with others. Time input includes the time of the work, work habits, work experience, work attitude, and so on. When they found unfair, they usually can’t change the rate of others, can’t change their input, so employees will find ways to change their output. This may mean that they will reduce their work time or effort to work. Then, the manager can use the equity theory to motivate employees. Managers can use a more open system of remuneration paid for employees to understand each position and every effort should position relative to how much salary can be get. (2) Scientific selections: Everybody have their own good aspects, based on each person strengths and rational allocation of work. As a result, not only can bring effectively produce but also can make person enjoy their work. According to the Wren (1979) notes that Taylor focuses on scientific selection can promote the develop ment of industrial psychology and personnel management and other areas. (3) Money bonus: How to influence people? The most common method is money bonus. Such as up wages, bonuses, benefits. These things are the most effective way to influence the work of passion and power of a work. Through the Vroom’s (1946) expectancy theory, we can find that an employee will play his better efforts when he is convinced that his efforts would be better evaluated. And these evaluations will bring him more rewards such as bonuses, salary increases. These rewards will meet staff personal goals. Individual employee attitudes and enthusiasm in their work will determine to a large extent a company’s performance. According to the Porter (1968) and Lawler’s expectancy model of motivation, this model proposes two factors that determine spending on a number of tasks energy. The first is the personal rewards from work to get. These returns will be the psychological perception of employees is their own work to be sure. The second is that these returns will be formed job satisfaction. (4) Management  responsibility for training: The staff training is an essential element of human resource management. Managers can’t ignore their training responsibilities. Understanding management system in staff training in this area can help you build an effective training system to help you prepare new employees for their work To sum up, from the six articles considered, scientific management can not only getting the most output from the least amount of inputs but also focus on those work activities that will help the company reach its goals. Taylor’s idea has shaped modern employer-employee relationships. Work is still specialised, personal are still trained. The quality of work is still rewarded in bonuses, as well as other. Reference: 1.Three chapters in The Ideas of Frederick W Taylor: An Evaluation’. 2.Wren, D. A. The evolution of management thought (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley, 1979. 3.Towards a unified model of employee motivation / Darren J. Elding, Andrew M. Tobias and David S. Walk [Chichester, West Sussex, England] : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006 4.Kotter, John P. What effective general managers really do / John P. Kotter Boston [etc.] : Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, 1982 5.Managing in the new millennium : understanding the manager’s motivational tool bag / Patricia M. Buhl Burlington, Iowa, etc., National Research Bureau, etc.], 2003 6.A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organiz Hollywood, FL : Journal of American Academy of Business, 2004 A considerate of contemporary management function. (2016, Mar 24).